Category: Communication

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“To what extent is Macbeth a tragic hero or a butcher?”

In my opinion, I think that Macbeth is a tragic hero because he is constantly used and manipulated so that other people can profit from what he does, good or bad.

I think that Macbeth is manipulated by the three witches throughout the play. In particular, when Macbeth goes to meet the witches in Act 4 Scene 1, he is given three different prophecies by three apparitions. The first apparition says, “Beware Macduff, Beware the Thane of Fife.” This is the three witches tricking Macbeth, telling him to beware Macduff but not what he will do or when he will do it. They purposely leave out key information so that Macbeth will be left wondering the context of what they’re saying. This is them manipulating him, giving information that they want to give and leaving things out to confuse and trick Macbeth.

Also, Macbeth has been used by his own wife, Lady Macbeth, so that she will benefit from what she tells him to do. For example, in Act 1 Scene 5, she reads Macbeth’s letter about the three witches. Although she may not really believe that there are three witches, she sees that Macbeth does believe it. Therefore, she jumps on the opportunity to get Macbeth to do something by making him feel like she is helping him. But, in fact, she has an ulterior motive which is to be Queen of Scotland. She manipulates Macbeth by making him think she is in love with him. This shows that Macbeth is actually just a tragic hero because he is like a tool to other people, using him when they feel like it.

Macbeth has been told five prophecies, one of which is that he will be king of Scotland. He is told this in Act 1 Scene 3 when the Third Witch says, “All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter.” Furthermore, when Macbeth goes to meet the three witches in Forres, in Act 4 Scene 1, the third apparition says, “Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill shall come against him.” This particular prophecy is hard to understand because you wouldn’t think that a forest could move to  a far away hill. This is because the witches are making Macbeth feel superior because he is thinking of their prophecy as very literal and doesn’t look at the closer meaning. In Act 5 Scene 5, a messenger comes to Macbeth in his castle and tells him that the forest of Birnam Wood is moving towards them. This is just Malcolm and Macduff trying to disguise their army so that they won’t be seen unless they are very close. This shows that all of the prophecies have a greater and darker meaning.

On the other hand, Macbeth has killed many people to get what he wants. He savagely killed Duncan to become king and he killed his best friend, Banquo, so that he wouldn’t tell anyone what he knows. Also, at the end of Act 4 Scene 2, Macbeth is in Fife and is accompanied by the three murderers. They kill Macduff’s whole family without remorse. They even kill his children. This shows that Macbeth is alright with killing anyone, anywhere. Macbeth shows his darker side here as he joins in with killing them. Death and murder has gotten normal to him. When he was just Thane of Cawdor and Thane of Glamis, he had a sense of patriotism. He would fight and die for his country and his king but then he had to actually kill his king in his sleep. This proves that Macbeth is a butcher and not a tragic hero.

Macbeth could also be seen as someone that is the subject of a joke. This is because it is also as if he is tricked by his wife and the three witches and that he can never be at peace as always there is something that goes wrong. In my opinion, I think that the three witches are the main problem. When Macbeth is made king in Act 3 Scene 1, he never gets a moment where he is at peace. Banquo suspects him and is suspicious of Macbeth. Macbeth then decides to kill Banquo. Then, his ghost, or what Macbeth sees him as, comes to the banquet hall and haunts him. He is surprised, scared, angry and in front of his subjects he shows a sign of weakness. They also become suspicious that Macbeth was made king by doing evil things. He is manipulated by the witches which causes him to go mad.

On the contrary, Macbeth can be seen as a butcher because he kills his closest friends and allies. He has a lot of blood on his hands from killing Banquo, Duncan and Macduff’s entire family. He does this all just so he can stay as King of Scotland. Even though he killed a lot of people in war, he did that for his country. He destroys all the obstacles in his way to reach his goal which is to be king and keep his family on the throne.

In conclusion, Macbeth is a tragic hero, not a butcher because he is manipulated by Lady Macbeth and the three witches. I think that the proof that he is a tragic hero outweighs the proof that he is a butcher. Lady Macbeth and the witches never tell him what they really want from him by telling him the truth but not the whole truth. I believe that Macbeth was doomed the minute he met the three witches and whatever he chooses to do, he will still fail. This is why Macbeth is a tragic hero and not a butcher.

 

 

 

 

Act 3 Scene 4 (Goold and Polanski)

I believe that Goold’s adaptation of Shakespeare’s Macbeth Act 3 Scene 4 is better than Polanski’s. This is because Polanski’s version shows Banquo’s ghost too bloody and more like a zombie which is not needed. However, Goold dresses Banquo’s ghost as bloody but not too much.
In Goold’s movie, Banquo appears from the other side of the banquet hall, climbs onto the table and starts walking towards Macbeth. The lighting, music and atmosphere change as an angry Banquo walks towards Macbeth to haunt him. The intense music makes it more suspenseful and interesting. In Polanski’s version, Macbeth walks in and sees a dead yet living Banquo staring at him. In this scene, there is no intense music or any lighting change which doesn’t make the scene look good.

I also think that the acting in Polanski’s version is not very good as I’m not as interested in it. I don’t think that the actor playing Macbeth does his job very well. In Goold’s version, the actor playing Macbeth is very good because of the way he speaks and how he acts when he sees Banquo. Lady Macbeth also does a good job of acting when she tries to control Macbeth from going absolutely crazy and settling down the guests. She fits more into Lady Macbeth’s role than the other actor in Polanski’s version.

Another thing is the sound effects and the editing. Polanski’s version of Act 3 Scene 4 has bad editing. The only editing is when the screens goes from a dark room with Banquo’s ghost and the actual room with all the guests. In Goold’s play, the sound effects are very good which makes the scene more intense. The editing in Goold’s scene is better because of the way it shows the difference between the actual banquet hall and what Macbeth sees.

Overall, Goold’s adaptation of Act 3 Scene 4 is better than Polanski’s. The acting, sound effects, lighting, music is all much better. However, this may be because Polanski’s version may have been made before Goold’s which means the technology was better.

Macbeth Diary Entry

Dear Diary,

It is sad to say that I may have to do the dirty deed again to another close friend. Banquo. I feared that this day would come and I would have to do something about him. The three crazy witches had promised Banquo that his children would be kings and that he would be the father of a great royal family. Well, there’s definitely no way I’m going to let this happen.

I hate to do it but now I feel I must to protect my throne from others. I feel like now I can do it and not feel so bad about it because I have done it before. I will kill Banquo. I also sense that he will come after me and threaten to unveil my secrets. About the witches and about all of what I have done.

I killed Duncan, a king, and I will kill Banquo. I must protect my status as a skilled fighter, a king and a warrior. Those who threaten to hurt me and my wife will be dealt with, whoever it is. I hate to kill Fleance, an innocent child, but I have no choice.

At the banquet, I will put on my best fake smile and chat and eat with the guests. I have to look innocent so that no one can connect me to the crime or even be suspicious. I don’t want to but I must.

I’ve planned to have the best two murderers intercept Banquo and his son after they have come back from their ride on the horses. Hopefully, they will do their job and get paid and then I won’t have to worry.

I have always loved Banquo like a brother. His death is going to mean more to me than Duncan’s. Nowadays, I feel like everyone that does something wrong to me, has to die. The power of being king has made me feel too overwhelmed with all the responsibilities of governing and controlling a country such as Scotland. I just want to go into a battlefield and take apart some heads from their bodies.

Some say that power conquers all, including men. I think it is true. I’m starting to feel like I wasn’t meant for this. Yes, I wanted it and still do but I’m wondering if I made the right decision. I could be in my palace in Forres and be happy with my wife, with not so many problems and responsibilities. If only I had never gone to the heath and met the three witches. I can still remember their repugnant faces, their crazy eyes and there long, bent noses. Things would be so much easier.

I don’t really know why I’m writing this diary entry but I felt like writing what I feel would be better for me, like talking to someone. I still don’t know if I am right because I don’t feel any better. Perhaps, after the deed is done, I can go back to how things were. But there’s always something bad creeping around the corner, waiting for its chance.

 

Macbeth Character Profile

‘Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution, which ne’er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, till he unseamed him from the nave to th’chaps’.

The quote above describes how Macbeth fought in the battle between King Duncan and the rebels. It says, ’till he unseamed him from the nave to th’chaps’. It shows that Macbeth was very strong to cut a man from the belly to the jaw. This an example of how Macbeth fought. It also says how his sword was very bloody from killing so many people.

 ‘Compelled these skipping kerns to trust their heels’.

This quote is about how Macbeth and his men forced the Norwegians and the rebels to run away in fright. It also means that Macbeth was a good leader as well as a good soldier. He was

‘Or memorise another Golgotha’.

This quote is about how the Captain thought the battle was like a massacre because of his men were killed and slaughtered. The Norwegians were also killed and forced to retreat. A Golgotha is basically a slaughtering or killing of an important person like when Jesus was crucifixed.

‘Like Valour’s minion carved his passage’.

This quote is how Macbeth had to kill at least ten men to make his way through and kill MacDonald without a second’s hesitation. He was brave and did what no other man could do. For his bravery, Macbeth was given the title of Thane of Cawdor.

Macbeth Scene 1-3 Summary

In Scene 1 of Macbeth, the witches plan to meet with Macbeth and Banquo to try and tempt them into killing the current King. They say where they will meet them and when.

In Scene 2, it tells you of what happened during the battle between the Scottish and the rebels. There is an injured captain that describes how fierce and brave Macbeth was. It is also about King Duncan making Macbeth the Thane of Glamis and Cawdor.

In Scene 3, it is about the witches meeting Macbeth and Banquo at the heath. The witches persuaded them that they should be King and not Duncan. Now, Macbeth is planning to kill Duncan and the heirs to the throne.

Macbeth Diary Entry

Dear Diary,

Today was the King Duncan battled the rebel forces. MacDonald had dared to challenge the true King of Scotland. I watched from the side of the battle, up in a tower. I was scared for my life because if the rebels had won, then I would probably get killed. The brave Macbeth was also in the battle. This is how it started.

The heath used to be very peaceful and quiet. Now, there were hundreds of men running to the other side, joined by the rebel army. MacDonald had many, many men. There were men on horseback and men on foot. Even from here, you could see the ferocity and viciousness in their faces as they battled. Macbeth was also there running in the vanguard. So was Banquo. I saw Macbeth cut ten men in the space of a minute. He was very brave. We were winning until a Norwegian lord helped Macdonald create a fresh assault. However, even though they were outnumbered, Macbeth was making his way through their men like they were nothing. Him and Banquo were the best fighters I had ever seen. After a while, Macbeth and his men were sure to win. But Macdonald didn’t give up and he tried to fight Macbeth on the battlefield. He was no match for him, as Macbeth cut him from his belly to his jaw. The battle was over and King Duncan had won.

Macbeth was like an army, just by himself. He made his way past lots of men. He was even outnumbered at one point but he still carried. Due to his bravery, he killed the rebel traitor, MacDonald. The blood of the field was like nothing I had ever seen before. Macbeth was such a skilled swordsman that he was no match for anyone. He was so brave and fearless that he killed the enemy leader without any doubt in his mind.

Part of the reason they lost was because the Norwegians had come late to the battle and the rebels were not enough to defeat King Duncan. I saw Macbeth and Banquo take men out like they were practise targets. Once the men saw this, no man dared to come against them. Macbeth’s army were inspired and fought even batter seeing their leader fight as good as he did. They took no break, they just carried on fighting.

Macbeth and Banquo were amazing at fighting with their swords on foot. They were not even scared that the Norwegians were now here. I was scared that they would be too much for our forces. But Macbeth carried on, without a trace of fear in his eyes.

It felt like ages before the battle was finally over. I could now breathe a sigh of relief. We had won and the men were cheering. Shouts of praise were given to Macbeth and Banquo. Macbeth was made the new Thane of Cawdor. He was the Kings’ best fighter. This is how the battle was won.

 

 

 

 

 

English Science Fiction

Some people say that women invented or were the first to write sci-fi books. Mary Shelley wrote, possibly, the first sci-fi book, Frankenstein. Science fiction is a genre of fiction where, normally, the stories tell about science and technology or weird things like creating a human body out of other people’s parts. There are some sci-fi books that are about parallel universes or time travel. Most sci-fi books have partially true facts in them about science.

Jules Vern was a French writer. He wrote a book called Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea. It was written in 1870. The story is about a sea monster that is attacking ships all over the world. Some think that it is a beast with a sword on its head. They then start hunting the animal. After a couple of weeks, they encounter the sea monster and it rams their ship.

Ray Bradbury wrote a book called Martian Chronicles in 1950. The book is about a Martian woman who dreams of people from Earth coming to her planet. People arrive but her husband shoots them down because he’s scared. Another rocket comes with more humans and this time the people of Mars try to explore them.

Aecus (Final Edition)

AECUS


In a universe far, far away, there lives two types of people. One who live happily and free, and the other who fear their leader, live without freedom and are forced to do bad things.

On Aecus, the grass is always green, the weather is always good. The people live peacefully in their huge spaceship, protected from evil. But this wasn’t  the case in Skar. Dr. Doom ruled all of Skar. He ridded the ship from all things nice and turned it into a place where you were trapped and every aspect of you was controlled by other people.Aecus was a huge ship but in the inside it looks like a normal planet like Earth. In one small, little house lived the Emperor of Aecus, a fair man who was kind. He also had a son, named Jacob Freeman. He was a 19 year old boy who wished to work for his ship.

“Jacob, we’ve got to get you ready. Come on!”, shouted Ray. “Alright, I’m coming! Keep your pants on!”, replied Jacob hurrying down the stairs with his backpack. Ray shot Jacob with a look of annoyance. Jacob started to play with his Ryper, a small, silver pen that could turn into a gun or a sword in just one touch. As he ran out of the house, he got on his SegFra, a red flying motorbike. He put the key in and it lifted him up off the ground. He went all the way to school, carefully dodging passers-by. The wind was like a racing car, going very fast and blowing the autumn leaves away.

Jacob walked through the large entrance of the school and sat in his seat, at the back of the class. The teacher stood at the front. Mr Hanbury was like an evil, mean dragon but in human-form. Jacob hated him. “Alright, boys and girls, get your things out and be quiet,” demanded Mr Hanbury, angrily. “We’re going to be learning about the art of jets and spaceships.”, said the teacher. As Jacob fell asleep, he tried to hide himself from the frightening teacher. “Zzzzzzzzz…”, snored Jacob. “Wake up, Jacob! You’re not at home.”, shrieked Mr Hanbury. Jacob stared at him in despair, angry that he hadn’t let him sleep. Soon enough, the bell went and Jacob ran straight out and went to the Battalion HQ.

Jacob walked in through the double doors, the lights turning on slowly as if they were stalking him. He saw his father at his office, looking tired and sad. He wondered what he could be thinking about. “Hi, Dad. What’s wrong?”, asked Jacob. Ray looked up at Jacob, preparing to speak, his expression seemed very worried. “Three of our jets were blown up today. The men who survived think it was that evil Dr. Doom.”, replied his father, distraught. Jacob was stunned by his father’s words. He had learnt about Dr. Doom in school but hadn’t really paid much attention. “Our me  were carrying precious bloody emeralds and gold from the Planet Skra!,” shouted Ray, pushing things off his desk, his face had turned red. “Father, we must strike back,” exclaimed Jacob. The room went quiet and Jacob stared at his father, waiting for him to say something. “Ok, ok. We will. Get me Graham and Stebson,” ressured Ray, “Tell them to come here immediately. We will strike back but we will do it the smart way.”

Graham and Stebson came through the big black doors and into the war room. Graham was a short man and he had a face full of hair. Stebson, on the other hand, was very tall and mysterious. He was Ray’s right hand man. “Gents, thank you for meeting me here on such short notice. Yesterday, at midnight, three of our airliners were blown up. We were carrying 53 people and very precious emeralds and gold. There were two unknown aircrafts and they just so happen to be Doom’s planes,” said Ray. “What are we going to do?” asked Graham. “We’re going to hit their weapon supplies aircraft, tomorrow,” said Jacob, “We’re thinking of sending S.W.A.T 3 to do it. We need to carefully plan this”, asked Ray, wearing a black suit and tie. “We can take Route 37. We can hit them at 0345. It’s the best way,” replied Stebson. Everyone agreed by nodding and they all left the war room apart from Ray. He stood there and wondered how life would be if he hadn’t destroyed Planet Yerv. If he hadn’t Dr. Doom would’ve never been a bad person and would be living with his family in peace. It hurt his conscienceto think that Dr. Doom was pretty much created by himself.

At Skar, the dark headquarters room had a very pungent smell. Dr. Doom sat in his chair, thinking. The long, black scar across his left eye to his mouth made him unable to smile properly or show any kind of emotion. Dr. Doom had a metal right hand. The room was dim and the place was very untidy. As he was gazing through the large office window, Professor Gray came in. He was wearing a long, white lab coat and his glasses were just about hanging on to his face. “I want you to create Operation 287. Do not involve or tell anyone else anything they don’t need to know. Do it right. Whatever you need ask Shevu,” screeched Dr. Doom. Doom turned to look at Shevu, who was a cyclops. Just above his eyebrows, he had a big, gruesome eye. He was gathering crates of green, glowing crystals. “Yes, my Lord. Anything else?,” asked Professor Gray. “No,” commanded Dr. Doom. He stood there in absolute silence and then turned to sit down at his desk. With his long iron right hand, he opened the drawer with his key and took out a small bottle. He also took out a large, pointy syringe and injected himself in the vein of his only human arm. “Ahhhhh”, he moaned. He then slowly drifted away, his eyes shutting, into calm sleep.

Jacob walked through the long road of Evergreen Street and arrived at his house. He opened the door with his hand and walked in. Suddenly, he saw a large man sitting on the sofa, relaxing. He stood up and said, ” You must be Jacob. I thought you’d be a bit shorter. Anyway, tell your father that he will regret the day, he crossed paths with Dr. Doom. Something’s coming,” said the tall, lanky man. Jacob realised a way the man spoke, with utter confidence. “Who are you? What’re you doing in my house? How’d you get in?,” asked Jacob. “It doesn’t matter. Just sending a word of warning from an old friend,” said the big man, coldly and calmy. “Bye bye, Jacob.”

In the cold operations room, there were a team of clever, smartly dressed operatives. The room was heavily packed. “Have you got it all set or not?”, asked Ray. “Yeah, it’s all set. S.W.A.T 3 are near the target. They should meet in 27 seconds,” replied a female operative, “Bow-Fly 16, do you copy?”. “Battalion 1, this is Bow-Fly 16. We are near the target. Going quiet in 3, 2, 1…” replied the man. The room was very silent until the radio crackled in a matter of seconds, “Battalion 1, this is Bow-Fly 16. Operation Swat the Fly has been a success. Preparing to change our route to 51 and will arrive back in approximately 47 minutes,” answered the man. The radio message was met with cheers and the room was alive. “Yes! Well done, Bow-Fly 16”, said Ray, happily. Jacob ran in, wanting to know about the mission. “It’s done. We did it.But the ship is soon going to be in lock down”, said Ray. His face was glowing with happiness and relief. Jacob joined in with the celebrations.

Days went by, then weeks and there was still no sign of any type of attack. In the large living room, Jacob said, “They haven’t attacked us. What are they planning?”. “I don’t know, son. Don’t worry.”, said Ray in a calm manner but Jacob knew he was worried. At that moment, Stebson and Graham came in through the double doors and said, ” We think we might know what they’re planning!”. They all waited for his answer. “In the report of Operation Swat the Fly, we found that one of the supplies in the aircraft was Urama. It’s a green rock, capable of doing damage to a whole planet,” said Graham, out of breath.  “I’ve heard of it. It’s a chemical compound which is used for making black holes. It’s very deadly,” replied Ray, quietly. “Not only did they find Urama, but they found 300 tons of it. That’s enough to swallow a ship the size of Aecus.”, said Stebson. “Oh my”, exclaimed Jacob.

The noisy room was very hot, with fumes from the large factory machines engulfing the area. “Is it done yet?”, asked Dr. Doom, his metallic voice hurting the ears of workers nearby. His clothes wete very dirty and ragged but he didn’t seem to care. “I’m happy to say that after lots of hard work, we completed it,” answered Professor Gray, in awe of what he’s created. Dr. Doom attempted to smile but he just moved his lips weirdly in a crooked position. He stood there imagining the wreck of Aecus once his weapon of mass destruction had eaten it whole. He was overjoyed. “Unleash it. Ray Freeman will rue the day he killed my beloved family and created me into who I am today, a half metal and half human”, whispered Dr. Doom quietly.

“Jacob, I have to go. There seems to be trouble at the Battalion. You stay here”, said Ray, in a hurry. “What? I’m coming with you. You might need the help,” exclaimed Jacob. “No, you’re not”, answered Ray. Jacob looked at him in shock and began to moan. “Ohhh, okay”, said Ray. As they went in the car, on their way to the Battalion, Ray’s phone rang loudly. He turned it on and answered, ” Hello?”. “Boss, it’s Graham,” he said, out of breath, “We’ve spotted something unknown flying right towards us”. “It’s not an aircraft. It’s a black hole. He’s sent it already,” said Jacob solemly. They both went quiet and sat the rest of the car journey in silence.

“Is it there yet?”, asked Dr. Doom, his voice sounding like the screech of a cat in distress. He was sat in his dark and dim room. “It’s almost there. Don’t worry, Master,” replied Professor Gray. Dr. Doom cackled crazily, wondering what Ray’s face will look like once he has blowed up all of Aecus and killed his son.

“It’s coming right for us, Sir. What should we do?”, asked the female operative. ” Don’t do anything and don’t alert the civilians. I don’t want to cause a panic attack in the city,” said Ray, in reply, ” Also, get me Stebson, Graham and my son and tell them to come to the war room immediately,” commanded Ray. “May Jacob Freeman, Graham Billington and Mark Stebson please report to the war room immediately,” said the operative, speaking into the microphone.

“What’s up, Ray? You needed us?”, said Stebson. “I have a plan. It’s very risky but it may be our only option. Of course, I know that here in Aecus we hold a vote. I completely understand if you don’t accept my suggestion,” said Ray. “Okay, but what is it, Dad?” asked Jacob, eagerly.

“Everyone get to position at your battle station. Jane you need to take control of the wheel,” commanded Ray. “Sir, the black hole is very close now. We need to act fast,” said an operative. “OK. Jane, if we were to move would the black hole would it follow us?”, asked Ray. “Yes, it would. Doom programmed it to,” answered Jane. “Alright. Good. I want you to head straight for Skar and then just when we’re about to hit them, I want you to go underneath them. The black hole would swallow them and not us if we’re fast,” ordered Ray. “But, Sir, the risk is too high, are you sure? We could crash into Skar, killing us and them. The probability rate of dying is 83% and we only have a 13.156 second window,” said Jane. “Don’t worry. We can do it,” replied Jacob, standing near the entrance, listening carefully.

“Your Highness, Aecus has turned on their engines and are getting ready to move,” said Professor Gray. “What’re you doing, Freeman?”, whispered Dr. Doom to himself.

“Head straight for them. How long till we reach them?”, asked Ray. “33 seconds till impact. We will have to duck under them in 20 seconds and counting, Sir,” answered Jane. “Alright, everyone brace yourselves.”, said Ray. “4, 3, 2, 1…”, counted Stebson. The ship went right underneath Skar and it drifted wildly…

“What are they DOING?!!! Stop the black hole, now!!!!”, shouted Doom. ” I can’t. It’s not made to stop!”, said Gray, frightened of what he might do to him. The black hole engulfed the ship into the darkness of the black hole and it suddenly stopped. Silence. Everywhere was noisy with sIrene alerring the area…

“Is everyone okay?”, shouted Stebson. Jacob looked around quickly, dust and dirt all over his face and clothes. “Where’s my Dad? Dad!!?? Find him!”, screamed Jacob. In tears, Jacob pushed a large metal boulder. His father lay there, eyes closed. “Dad? Dad, wake up!”, shouted Jacob, in tears. “He’s gone now, boy. You must lead Aecus now.”, said Graham, his face masked with dust. Jacob stood up, everyone looking at him in awe and shock at the same time. “My father is dead. But Aecus lives. We led Aecus away from the black hole and saved millions of lives. He would’ve liked that.”, said Jacob, solemnly. The room was quiet. Everyone bowed their heads. The ship lived to see another day.

The End

By Ramin Wahid 8W2S

2 short sci fi stories

Book: The Machine Stops

Event 1: Humans cannot live on Earth’s surface. All the people live underground in cells which have kitchens, toilets, beds and other facilities. The Machine controls all of the facilities. It is their source of power underground.

Event 2: Vashti and her son Kuno live in opposite sides of the world. Vashti persuades Kuno to come to her side of the world. Kuno says that when he was travelling he saw people living on the surface of Earth and that there was no danger up above. But the Machine captures her and threatens her with Homelessness which means that he  will not be accepted anywhere in the world.

Event 3: People start worshipping the Machine and think he is the All-Powerful. Kuno realises that the Machine has malfunctioned and Kuno and Vashti try to make people stop believing in it. The Machine is now broken and cannot be repaired. Because the Machine was their source of power and life, everyone that was underground dies. But before they die they tell the people above that they need to carry on the human race.

 

The Passengers

Event 1 : Set in 1887, people are brainwashed by the ‘Passengers’. They shape-shift into human bodies. But when the Passengers leave their bodies alone, their memories are erased and they cannot remember anything. Therefore, people do not know they are being usurped.

Event 3: A man is usurped for three days and he somehow remembers everything and he sees a woman who was a victim too. They realise that they were usurped.

Event 3: He gets usurped again and he finds himself at a bar and he oddly doesn’t know that happens to him.

In this book, the man is writing a diary of his time. He doesn’t finish the diary so he doesn’t tell you what happens at the end. He didn’t finish it because he was killed by the Passengers. They didn’t want him to tell anyone anything so that they can carry doing what they do.